This homemade golden syrup recipe was created to be used for traditional Cantonese mooncakes and other Chinese desserts.
Golden syrup is a type of inverted sugar syrup used in traditional Cantonese mooncakes and lots of other Chinese desserts. It’s a type of inverted sugar that has a beautiful amber color, a rich and fruity aroma, and a very creamy texture.
But what is inverted sugar?
According to Wikipedia, inverted sugar is a mixture of glucose and fructose. Compared to sucrose, the granular sugar we use every day, inverted sugar is sweeter. By adding inverted sugar to a dish, you prevent sugar in it from crystallizing. Products made with it tend to retain moisture, have a tender texture, and thus have a better mouthfeel. It is an ingredient often used in bakery and pastry shops. It is also used in the process of making ganache, jelly, fudge, taffy, and ice cream.
When I attempted to make mooncakes the first time. I purchased Lyle’s golden syrup from Amazon. It is a great product, but quite pricey. After some research, I found it’s very easy to make golden syrup from table sugar. It is a bit time consuming, but the process is very easy and the cost extremely low.
The logic is simple. If you add sugar into water and boil it long enough (40 to 60 minutes), the sucrose will be inverted and produce a golden colored syrup. This process includes introducing acid (lemon juice in this case). It speeds up the inversion process and prevents the sugar from crystallizing.
I used this homemade golden syrup to cook mooncakes, and the results were great, but the story doesn’t end here.
When I was experimenting with two batches of mooncakes, one with homemade syrup and one with store bought syrup, I found a surprising result.
The difference between homemade golden syrup and store-bought
A quick introduction to making mooncake dough – it requires use of golden syrup and an alkaline solution (also called kansui). The golden syrup will create a tender and moist cake which keeps its shape despite being paper thin, and can be shaped into delicate patterns (those you see on the beautiful traditional mooncakes). Kansui is used to neutralize the acid that is introduced by the golden syrup, resulting in a sweet pastry with no sourness. The amount of kansui also determines the tenderness and color of the cake (light yellow to dark brown), and slightly increases the fluffiness of the cake without causing it to rise too much.
When I started using homemade golden syrup to make mooncake dough, I found the syrup emulsified once it was introduced to the alkaline solution. Later on, I learned that this emulsification is actually an important step in dough making. It didn’t happen when I used the store-bought golden syrup.
So I checked the label on the bottle of syrup. It contains only cane sugar. Then I found out there are two ways to make golden syrup. It can be made (1) in the process of refining sugar cane or sugar beet juice into sugar, or (2) by treatment of a sugar solution with acid (from Wikipedia). Evidently, the store-bought golden syrup is made by the former method, and the homemade one takes the latter approach. The commercially prepared syrup does contain acid, but the amount is very low, only 0.1%. The homemade syrup has a much higher acid content.
What matters here, is since store-bought golden syrup contains much less acid, there is no reason to use a lot of alkaline water to neutralize it. When I thought back, I found that the mooncake batches made with store-bought golden syrup had a darker color, which would logically result from adding too much alkaline solution.
A darker colored mooncake is not necessarily a bad thing. But please note, homemade golden syrup has different contents than a store-bought one. When you are using a mooncake recipe that includes store-bought golden syrup, using a homemade one might yield a lighter color.
The other thing you need to note, is that while you’re cooking golden syrup, the inversion percentage of sucrose varies depending on the temperature of the sugar solution. To make mooncakes, the golden syrup needs to register 230 to 239 degrees F (or 110 to 115 degrees C) at the end of boiling. However, even if your golden syrup registers within this range, the water percentage will vary (from 15% to 25%), which might require some adjustment to the amount of flour added to the mooncake dough.
That’s it. I hope this doesn’t sound confusing or complicated. The truth is, as long as you follow the instructions below, you will get a rich and fruity syrup that will allow you to create beautiful mooncakes.
Homemade Golden Syrup (转化糖浆, Invert Sugar Syrup)
Ingredients
- 50 ml (1/4 cup) fresh lemon juice , strained (from 1 big lemon)
- 400 grams (2 cups) caster sugar
- 200 ml (3/4 cup plus 2 tablespoons) filtered water , and more to brush on the pot
Instructions
- Juice one big lemon. Drain lemon juice through a coarse strainer, discard the seeds and fruit bits. Place a funnel (or the funnel part of a coffee machine) over a cup and line a coffee filter inside. Pour in lemon juice and let drain. If the coffee filter gets clogged, change to a new filter. Alternatively, you can use several layers of cheesecloth or a fine strainer to drain the lemon juice. Measure 50 milliliters lemon juice in a bowl. Set aside.
- Prepare a cup of filtered water and a silicon blush.
- Combine caster sugar and 200 milliliters filtered water in a small stainless pot (or ceramic pot). The deeper the pot, the better. (*see footnote 1) Do not use a pot made of aluminum or cast iron. Heat over medium heat until bringing to a boil.
- Add lemon juice. Keep cooking until it reaches a boil again. Turn to low heat and let the solution simmer. I used a heat level of 2.5 out of 10 on an electric stove. (*see footnote 2)
- Do not stir the syrup from this point forward.
- While simmering the sugar. Dip a basting brush in water and brush along the walls of the pot to let the water run down into the syrup. This helps prevent the sugar from crystallizing along the walls of the pot. You might only need to do this at the beginning of the cooking.
- Check on the syrup every 10 minutes during simmering. If you notice any crystal-like masses appearing on the walls of the pot (close to the surface of the syrup), brush water over the mass to dissolve it and let it run down into the syrup.
- It takes 40 minutes to 1 hour to cook the syrup. Keep close watch after 35 minutes. You should notice the color of the syrup turning darker and more bubbles appearing on the surface in the last 10 minutes of cooking. The pictures below shows the the syrup after 30 minutes and 40 minutes of simmering.
- When the syrup color turns amber, measure with a clean thermometer. The temperature should register 230 to 239 degrees F (or 110 to 115 degrees C). It took me 54 minutes to simmer the syrup. (*see footnote 3)
- If the temperature of the syrup raised too fast while its color still pale, you can add more water and let simmering a bit longer.
- When the syrup is done, remove pot from heat and let cool completely.
- Transfer the golden syrup to a clean, airtight jar and store in room temperature. If you sanitize the jar, the golden syrup can be stored up to a year.
- The golden syrup will be ready to use after 24 hours. The taste gets much better after 2 to 3 days. The bubbles will disappear and the sourness will reduce significantly, thus producing a fruity aroma and more concentrated flavor.
Notes
- The syrup will thicken and make a lot of splatter on your stove if you use a shallow pot.
- It’s very important to let the syrup cook slowly so the water won’t evaporate too quickly. The longer you cook the syrup, the darker it will become, and the more sugar will be inverted. If you let the water evaporate too quickly, you will end up with a lighter syrup.
- I highly recommend you use a thermometer during the cooking process. The syrup thickens relatively quickly towards the end of the cooking, and it’s very difficult to tell when it’s done by simply observing the color. The color of the syrup should reach a golden amber that is not too dark. And you’re looking for a texture that is very runny and thinner than honey. The texture will thicken a lot as the syrup cools down. And it will become even thicker after two days.
The best!
But why does the recipe say 400 g (200 ml) castor sugar? Shouldn’t it say 400 ml instead of 200 ml, since that is equivalent!
Perfect! Used this in place of corn syrup, which is very hard to buy where we live. I used a little less lemon because I was making pecan bars and didn’t want an overwhelming lemon flavour (I usually use cream of tartar, which does about the same thing). This came out absolutely perfect, as did the pecan bars!
Thank you so much! My husband is from Australia and so much stuff calls for Golden syrup. I went through the British websites and the authors of the recipes were very condescending in the comments when people had questions.
I appreciate the way you wrote this, the details and with pictures. Thank you so much!
This is a great recipe and I have been using the golden syrup since Xmas in my bakes. I wanted to use it today but I have found that it looks half crystalised and only half is clear now. Is this ok? Should I heat it up gently or do anything else?
This made my life so much easier, and the cost for my mooncakes went down greatly, I made the whole recipe from scratch, was so much more enjoyable to giveaway as gifts that way. Thank you for education.
Hi Maggie, thanks for sharing this wonderful recipe. I’ve tried to make it yesterday but it’s still so runny but when I make it, it already reached 231°F. What can I do with this? Should I simmer it back until the water reduce even more? Thank you
It’s meant to be runny until it’s completely cooled.
I need to try this! Thank you! And I need to make moon cake!
I have accidentally added both lemon juice and sugar in the same step. Hope it still comes out correct!
Just wow! I used this for a ginger cake and the syrup is so more indulgent and rich than the store-bought you get in the UK. Will definitely be batch making this every time!
Hi Maggie, Thanks for the write up. I am researching different methods of making golden syrup.I find that some recipes call for raw sugar, some includes brown sugar, etc… Have you experimented with different types of sugar? I also had the problem of the syrup recrystallizing (using another recipe). Do you know how to prevent that? Thanks.